Integrated+View+of+SLA

= Integrated View of SLA = Be sure to check out my Integrated View of SLA graphic organizer! Don't forget the list of resources/references at the bottom for further reading!

**__Explanation:__** Apperceived input is the first stage of input. This type of input is when the learner relate﻿s new information in the form of the L2 to prior knowledge in order to build awareness of meaning that is beyond the learner's current level. Frequency of input, affect, and attention are all factors in the apperceived input stage (Gass & Selinker, 2008). The Affective Filter within Krashen's Natural Approach aligns with the apperceived input stage as affect is a factor in that stage (Gass & Selinker, 2008). The Lexical Approach can be utilized in the apperceived input stage as one of that approach's components is learning at a level above a learner's current level. || **Materials and** ﻿**Resources Needed:** *** Online audio exercises** *** Computer** *** Internet access** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** In-Class listening activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** Language-learning podcasts** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** Device for podcast listening** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** Role-play scripts** || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Approach <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> **__Explanation:__** The comprehended input stage is a continuation of the <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">SLA process when the learner begins to comprehend input in L2 at <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">a deeper level resulting in analysis of the semantics and structural <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">analyses of the L2 (Gass & Selinker, 2008). The Information Processing <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Approach aligns to this stage because this approach nvolves the analysis <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">of the L2 and has a basis in automaticity (Gass & Selinker, 2008). Another <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">theory useful for this stage, is the Social Interactionist Approach as there <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">would be many opportunities for meaningful interactions lading to the <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">comprehension of input. || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Materials and Resources Needed:** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** L2 textbooks with accompanying workbook** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** Audio tapes with accompanying scripts** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** In-Class written and listening activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** Role-play** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*** Dialogue cues** || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**__Explanation:__** During the Comprehended Integration stage, L2 input <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">is <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">analyzed, connections can be made to the learner's existing/prior knowledge, <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">and this new-found knowledge can be stored (Craig, n.d.). It is at this time <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">that assimilation of input can occur (Craig, n.d.). The Constructivist Approach would be ideal for this stage as the foundation of this approach is learning new knowledge by relating it to existing knowledge ("Constructivist approach," n.d.). || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Materials and Resources Needed:** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">***L2 textbooks** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">***Videos** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">***L2 workbooks** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">***Individual** **activities** || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**<span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__Explanation:__ ** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">The output stage is the final stage of the SLA process (Craig, n.d.). <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Output can take the form of verbal or written production of the L2. The Social <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Interactionist Approach lends itself to this stage of SLA as students can interact <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">with one another to practice their L2 production. The Communicative Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">is another approach that can be utilized in this stage. The Communicative Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">is based on real communication which leads to SLA ("Communicative language teaching," n.d. ). Output can be demonstrated during such communicative activities. || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Materials and Resources Needed:** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">*Dialogues <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">*Role-plays <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">* Written activities || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Natural Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Social interactionist Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** __Approaches for Moderate English Proficiency__ ** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Communicative Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Typographical Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Social Interactionist Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** __Approaches for Younger ESL Student__ ** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Natural Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** __Approaches for Middle School__ ** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Communicative Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Natural Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Social Interactionist Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** __Approaches for High School__ ** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Natural Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Communicative Approach <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Social Interactionist Approach || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Materials and Resources Needed:** __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Natural Approach:** __ <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**books in L2** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**stress-reducing activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**group activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**individual activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**flashcards** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**role-play scripts** __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Communicative and Social Interactionist Approaches:** __ <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**scripts for role play** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**improvisational cues** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**group work activites** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**ESL podcasts** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**listening device for podcasts** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**flashcards** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**videos** __<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Typographical Approach:** __ <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**dictionary** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**thesaurus** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**electronic translator** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**individual activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**books in L2** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Internet-based activities** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**computer with Internet access** <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**flashcards** || References //Communicative language teaching//. (n.d.). Retrieved from
 * <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Stage 1: Apperceived Input** || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**__Approaches:__** The Natural Approach and Lexical Approach
 * <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Stage 2: Comprehended Input** || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__**Approaches:**__ <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Information Processing Approach and Social Interactionist
 * <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Stage 3: Comprehended Integration** || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**__Approaches:__** Constructivist Approach
 * <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Stage 4: Output** || <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">__**Approaches:**__ <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Social Interactionist Approach and The Communicative Approach
 * <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">**Suggestions and Tips for Teachers** || <span style="color: #630d63; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">** __Approaches for Beginners / Limited English Proficiency__ **

[] //Constructivist approach//. (n.d.). Retrieved from []

Craig, D.V. (n.d.) //Classroom applications & final project.// Retrieved from

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Gass, S.M., & Selinker, L. (2008). Second language acquisition: An introductory course. New

York: Routledge.

Resources for Further Reading Schutz, R. (2007, July 2). Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition. Retrieved from

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//The natural approach//. (1999, March 21). Retrieved from

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uageLearning/TheNaturalApproach.htm

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Robbin Meric

Graduate Student at Middle Tennessee State University in Curriculum and Instruction with a Concentration in ESL

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